Article 11. Notion of a criminal offense
1. A criminal offense shall mean a socially
dangerous culpable act (action or omission)
prescribed by this Code and committed by an
offender.
2. Although an act or omission may have, technically,
any elements of an act under this Code, it
is not an offense if, due to its insignificance,
it is not a social danger, i.e. it neither
did nor could cause considerable harm to any
natural or legal person, community, society
or the state.
Article 12. Classification of criminal offenses
1. Depending on the gravity, criminal offenses
shall be classified as minor offenses, medium
grave offenses, grave offenses, or special
grave offenses.
2. A minor criminal offense shall mean an
offense punishable by imprisonment for a term
up to two years or a more lenient penalty.
3. A medium grave offense shall mean an offense
punishable by imprisonment for a term up to
five years.
4. A grave criminal offense shall mean an
offense punishable by imprisonment for a term
up to ten years.
5. A special grave offense shall mean an offense
punishable by more than ten years of imprisonment
or a life sentence.
Article 13. Consummated and unconsummated
criminal offenses
1. A consummated criminal offense shall mean
an offense which comprises all elements of
a criminal offense as prescribed by the relevant
article of the Special Part of this Code.
2. An unconsummated criminal offense shall
mean the preparation for crime and criminal
attempt.
Article 14. Preparation for crime
1. The preparation for crime shall mean the
looking out or adapting means and tools, or
looking for accomplices to, or conspiring
for, an offense, removing of obstacles to
an offense, or otherwise intended conditioning
of an offense.
2. Preparation to commit a minor criminal
offense does not give rise to criminal liability.
Article 15. Criminal attempt
1. A criminal attempt shall mean a directly
intended act (action or omission) made by
a person and aimed directly at the commission
of a criminal offense prescribed by the relevant
article of the Special Part of this Code,
where this criminal offense has not been consummated
for reasons beyond that person's control.
2. A criminal attempt shall be consummated
where a person has completed all such actions
as he/she deemed necessary for the consummation
of an offense, however, the offense was not
completed for the reasons beyond that person's
control.
3. A criminal attempt shall be unconsummated
where a person has not completed all such
actions as he/she deemed necessary for the
consummation of an offense for the reasons
beyond that person's control.
Article 16. Criminal liability for an unconsummated
criminal offense
The criminal liability for the preparation
for crime and a criminal attempt shall rise
under Article 14 or 15 and that article of
the Special Part of this Code which prescribes
liability for the consummated crime.
Article 17. Voluntary renunciation in an
unconsummated criminal offense
1. The voluntary renunciation shall mean the
final discontinuation of the preparation for
crime or a criminal attempt by a person of
his/her own will, where that person have realized
that the criminal offense may be consummated.
2. A person who voluntarily renounced to consummate
a criminal offense shall be criminally liable
only if the actual act committed by that person
comprised elements of any other offense.
